One-year mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement and its relationship with the extent of myocardial damage scale

Luis A. Vega-Quesada, Department of Cardiology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Cardiología #34 Dr. Alfonso J. Treviño Treviño, Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
Néstor A. Parra-Ordoñez, Department of Cardiology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Cardiología #34 Dr. Alfonso J. Treviño Treviño, Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
Heber J. Pech-Ortega, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
David A. González-Carrillo, Department of Cardiology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Cardiología #34 Dr. Alfonso J. Treviño Treviño, Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
Gerardo Marín-Márquez, Neural Dynamics and Modulation Lab, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Objective: To determine the 1-year mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement and its relationship with the myocardial damage extension scale. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and comparative study was conducted. Patients over 18 years of age, of both sexes, who underwent aortic valve replacement between March 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021, were included. Patients were classified into subgroups based on the myocardial damage extension classification to determine 12-month mortality. In addition, risk factors associated with mortality, as well as clinical and sociodemographic variables, were documented. Results: A total of 177 patients (104 men [59%] and 73 women [41%]) were included. Distribution among myocardial damage stages was: Stage 0 (5%), stage 1 (25%), stage 2 (56%), stage 3 (8%), and stage 4 (6%). One-year mortality was 6% (11/177), predominantly in stage 2 (72%) and stage 3 (18%). Hypertension (64%) and diabetes mellitus (55%) were the most frequent comorbidities among the deceased. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 30% and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score > 2% were risk factors associated with mortality. Conclusion: One-year mortality was 6%, predominantly in stage 2 of myocardial damage extension. The staging did not correlate with mortality after 1 year of follow-up. An STS score > 2% and LVEF < 30% are risk factors for mortality

Keywords: Aortic stenosis. Extent of myocardial damage. Mortality.